جوایز و مدالهای بین المللی علوم زمین و برندگان آن
Awards of Merit in Earth Science
جوایز و مدالهای بین المللی علوم زمین و برندگان آن
Recipients of the Crafoord Prize in Geosciences
The Crafoord Prize is equivalent to winning the Nobel Prize for geoscientists.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences began awarding the
prize sum of U.S. $500,000 to scientists in the fields of astronomy and
mathematics; geosciences; biosciences; and when warranted polyarthritis
(rheumatoid arthritis) on a rotating yearly schedule in 1982. His Majesty
the King of Sweden presents the prize to the laureates on “Crafoord Day”
in April. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences hosts a symposium that
day in connection with the year’s honored discipline. Information about
the prize is available online.
URL: http://www.crafoordprize.se
Accessed February 28, 2007.
1983
Edward N. Lorenz and Henry Stommel
1986
Claude Allegre and Gerald J. Wasserburg
1989
James A. Van Allen
1992
Adolf Seilacher
1995
Willi Dansgaard and Nicholas Shackleton
1998
Don L. Anderson and Adam M. Dziewonski
Notable John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellows
The MacArthur Fellows Program awards unrestricted fellowships to
talented individuals who have shown extraordinary originality and dedication
in their creative pursuits and a marked capacity for self-direction.
Each fellowship comes with a stipend of $500,000 to the recipient, paid
out in equal quarterly installments over five years. Although nominees
are reviewed for their achievements, the fellowship is not a reward for
past accomplishment but rather an investment in a person’s originality,
insight, and potential. The purpose of the MacArthur Fellows Program is
to enable recipients to exercise their own creative instincts for the benefit
of human society. Further information about the Foundation and Fellows
is available online.
Accessed February 28, 2007.
1981
Michael Ghiselin, Evolutionary Biologist
1981
Stephen Jay Gould, Paleontology
1981
John Imbrie, Climatologist
1981
Robert W. Kates, Geographer
1981
Paul G. Richards, Seismologist
1982
Richard A. Muller, Geologist and Astrophysicist
1984
Carl R. Woese, Molecular and Evolutionary Biologist
1984
Bret Wallach, Geographer
1986
John Robert Horner, Paleobiologist
1986
Richard P. Turco, Atmospheric Scientist
1987
Stuart Alan Kauffman, Evolutionary Biologist
1987
Michael C. Malin, Geologist and Planetary Scientist
1987
Jon Seger, Evolutionary Ecologist
1988
Charles Archambeau, Geophysicist
1988
John G. Fleagle, Primatologist and Paleontologist
1988
Raymond Jeanloz, Geophysicist
1988
Alan Walker, Paleontologist
1989
Leo William Buss, Evolutionary Biologist
1989
Daniel H. Janzen, Ecologist
1991
James A. Westphal, Engineer and Planetary Scientist
1992
Stephen H. Schneider, Climatologist
1992
Geerat J. Vermeij, Evolutionary Biologist and Paleontologist
1993
Maria Luisa Crawford, Geologist and Petrologist
1993
Margie Profet, Evolutionary Biologist
1995
Susan W. Kieffer, Geologist and Planetary Scientist
1995
Pamela A. Matson, Ecologist
1997
Eric L. Charnov, Evolutionary Biologist
1997
Nancy A. Moran, Evolutionary Biologist and Ecologist
1998
Benjamin David Santer, Atmospheric Scientist
1999
Jillian Banfield, Geologist
2000
Christopher Beard, Paleontologist
2000
Daniel P. Schrag, Geochemist
Presidents of AGU (American Geophysical Union)
AGU is a worldwide scientific community that advances the understanding
of Earth and space for the benefit of humanity. Since its establishment
in 1919, AGU has grown into a community of 45,000 scientists
from 140 countries; 20 percent of its members are students. The organization
stands as a leader in the increasingly interdisciplinary global
endeavor that encompasses the Earth and space sciences. Presidents are
elected for two-year terms. A Web site on the history of AGU leadership
is available online.
URL: http://www.agu.org/inside/insidaguls.html
Accessed February 28, 2007.
1920–22
William Bowie
1922–24
L. A. Bauer
1924–26
H. F. Reid
1926–29
H. S. Washington
1929–32
William Bowie
1932–35
W. J. Humphreys
1935–38
N. H. Heck
1938–41
R. M. Field
1941–44
W. C. Lowdermilk
1944–47
L. H. Adams
1947–48
O. E. Meinzer
1948–53
W. H. Bucher
1953–56
James B. Macelwane
1956–59
Maurice Ewing
1959–61
Lloyd V. Berkner
1961–64
Thomas F. Malone
1964–66
George P. Woollard
1966–68
William C. Ackerman
1968–70
Helmut E. Landsberg
1970–72
Homer E. Newell
1972–74
Philip H. Abelson
1974–76
Frank Press
1976–78
Arthur E. Maxwell
1978–80
Allan V. Cox
1980–82
J. Tuzo Wilson
1982–84
James A. Van Allen
1984–86
Charles L. Drake
1986–88
Peter S. Eagleson
1988–90
Don L. Anderson
1990–92
G. Brent Dalrymple
1992–94
Ralph J. Cicerone
1994–96
Marcia Neugebauer
1996–98
Sean C. Solomon
1998–2000
John A. Knauss
Recipients of the William Bowie Medal
The William Bowie Medal is the American Geophysical Union’s highest
honor. The medal was established in 1939 in honor of AGU’s first
president William Bowie for his “spirit of helpfulness and friendliness
in unselfish cooperative research.” As one of the founders of AGU and
the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Bowie worked as
an architect of international cooperation in geophysical research. The
Bowie medal is awarded annually and acknowledges an individual for
outstanding contributions to fundamental geophysics and for unselfish
cooperation in research, one of the guiding principles of AGU. The list
of recipients of the Bowie Medal and other AGU awards is available
online.
URL: http://www.agu.org/inside/honors.html
Accessed February 28, 2007.
1939
William Bowie
1940
Arthur Louis Day
1941
John Adam Fleming
1942
Nicholas Hunter Heck
1943
Oscar Edward Meinzer
1944
Henry Bryant Bigelow
1945
Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes
1946
Reginald Aldworth Daly
1947
Felix Andries Vening Meinesz
1948
James Bernard Macelwane
1949
Walter Davis Lambert
1950
Leason Heberling Adams
1951
Harald Ulrik Sverdrup
1952
Harold Jeffreys
1953
Beno Gutenberg
1954
Richard Montgomery Field
1955
Walter Hermann Bucher
1956
Weikko Aleksanteri Heiskanen
1957
William Maurice Ewing
1958
Johannes Theodoor Thijsse
1959
Walter M. Elsasser
1960
Francis Birch
1961
Keith Edward Bullen
1962
Sydney Chapman
1963
Merle Antony Tuve
1964
Julius Bartels
1965
Hugo Benioff
1966
Louis B. Slichter
1967
Lloyd V. Berkner
1968
Roger Revelle
1969
Walter B. Langbein
1970
Bernhard Haurwitz
1971
Inge Lehmann
1972
Carl Eckart
1973
George P. Woollard
1974
A. E. Ringwood
1975
Edward Bullard
1976
Jule G. Charney
1977
James A. Van Allen
1978
Helmut E. Landsberg
1979
Frank Press
1980
Charles A. Whitten
1981
Herbert Friedman
1982
Henry M. Stommel
1983
Syun-iti Akimoto
1984
Marcel Nicolet
1985
H. William Menard
1986
James C. I. Dooge
1987
Robert N. Clayton
1988
Hannes Alfven
1989
Walter H. Munk
1990
Eugene N. Parker
1991
Don L. Anderson
1992
Alfred O. Nier
1993
Irwin I. Shapiro
1994
Peter S. Eagleson
1995
Claude Allegre
1996
Eugene Shoemaker
1997
Raymond Hide
1998
Richard M. Goody
1999
J. Freeman Gilbert
2000
John A. Simpson
Presidents of the Geological Society of London
Since 1807, the Geological Society of London has promoted the geosciences.
Currently the society has more than 9,000 members, 2,000 of which
are outside of the United Kingdom. Presidents are elected for two-year
terms. A list of past presidents is available online.
URL: http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/template.cfm?name=past_presidents
Accessed February 28, 2007.
1900–02
Jethro Justinian Harris Teall
1902–04
Charles Lapworth
1904–06
John Edward Marr
1906–08
Sir Archibald Geikie
1908–10
William Johnson Sollas
1910–12
William Whitehead Watts
1912–14
Aubrey Strahan
1914–16
Arthur Smith Woodward
1916–18
Alfred Harker
1918–20
George William Lamplugh
1920–22
Richard Dixon Oldham
1922–24
Albert Charles Seward
1924–26
John William Evans
1926–28
Francis Arthur Bather
1928–30
John Walter Gregory
1930–32
Edmund Johnston Garwood
1932–34
Thomas Henry Holland
1934–36
John Frederick Norman Green
1936–38
Owen Thomas Jones
1938–40
Henry Hurd Swinnerton
1940–41
Percy George Hamnall Boswell
1941–43
Herbert Leader Hawki
1943–45
William George Fearnsides
1945–47
Arthur Elijah Trueman
1947–49
Herbert Harold Read
1949–50
Cecil Edgar Tilley
1950–51
Owen Thomas Jones
1951–53
George Martin Lees
1953–55
William Bernard Robinson King
1955–56
Walter Campbell Smith
1956–58
Leonard Hawkes
1958–60
Cyril James Stubblefield
1960–62
Sydney Ewart Hollingworth
1962–64
Oliver Meredith Boone Bulman
1964–66
Frederick William Shotton
1966–68
Kingsley Charles Dunham
1968–70
Thomas Neville George
1970–72
William Alexander Deer
1972–74
Thomas Stanley Westoll
1974–76
Percy Edward Kent
1976–78
Wallace Spencer Pitcher
1978–80
Percival Allen
1980–82
Edward Howel Francis
1982–84
Janet Vida Watson
1984–86
Charles Hepworth Holland
1986–88
Bernard Elgey Leake
1988–90
Derek John Blundell
1990–92
Anthony Leonard Harris
1992–94
Charles David Curtis
1994–96
(Robert) Stephen (John) Sparks
1996–98
Richard Frederick Paynter Hardman
1998–2000
Robin (Leonard Robert Morrison) Cocks
Recipients of the Wollaston Medal
The Wollaston Medal is the Geological Society of London’s highest
honor. The medal is given to geologists who have obtained the heights
of international recognition through their outstanding work. In 1831
William Smith (1769–1839) was the first person awarded the medal for
his geological map published in 1815 of England, Wales, and part of
Scotland. A list of Wollaston recipients and other society award winners
is available online.
URL: http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/template.cfm?name=medallistsfrom1831_.
Accessed February 28, 2007.
1900
Grove Karl Gilbert
1901
Charles Barrois
1902
Friedrich Schmidt
1903
Heinrich Rosenbusch
1904
Albert Heim
1905
Jethro Justinian Harris Teall
1906
Henry Woodward
1907
William Johnson Sollas
1908
Paul von Groth
1909
Horace Bolingbroke Woodward
1910
William Berryman Scott
1911
Waldemar Christopher Brogger
1912
Lazarus Fletcher
1913
Osmond Fisher
1914
John Edward Marr
1915
(Tannatt William) Edgeworth David
1916
Alexander Petrovich Karpinsky
1917
(Francois Antoine) Alfred Lacroix
1918
Charles Doolittle Walcott
1919
Aubrey Strahan
1920
Gerard Jacob De Geer
1921
Benjamin Neeve Peach
1921
John Horne
1922
Alfred Harker
1923
William Whitaker
1924
Arthur Smith Woodward
1925
George William Lamplugh
1926
Henry Fairfield Osborn
1927
William Whitehead Watts
1928
Dukinfield Henry Scott
1929
Friedrich Johann Karl Becke
1930
Albert Charles Seward
1931
Arthur William Rogers
1932
Johan Herman Lie Vogt
1933
Marcelin Boule
1934
Henry Alexander Miers
1935
John Smith Flett
1936
Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff
1937
Waldemar Lindgren
1938
Maurice Lugeon
1939
Frank Dawson Adams
1940
Henry Woods
1941
Arthur Louis Day
1942
Reginald Aldworth Daly
1943
Aleksandr Evgenevich Fersmann
1944
Victor Moritz Goldschmidt
1945
Owen Thomas Jones
1946
Emanuel de Margerie
1947
Joseph Burr Tyrrell
1948
Edward Battersby Bailey
1949
Robert Broom
1950
Norman Levi Bowen
1951
Olaf Holtedahl
1952
Herbert Harold Read
1953
Erik Andersson Stensio
1954
Leonard Johnston Wills
1955
Arthur Elijah Trueman
1956
Arthur Holmes
1957
Paul Fourmarier
1958
Penti Eskola
1959
Pierre Pruvost
1960
Cecil Edgar Tilley
1961
Roman Kozlowski
1962
Leonard Hawkes
1963
Felix Alexander Vening Meinesz
1964
Harold Jeffreys
1965
David Meredith Seares Watson
1966
Francis Edward Shepard
1967
Edward Crisp Bullard
1968
Raymond Cecil Moore
1969
William Maurice Ewing
1970
Philip Henry Kuenen
1971
Ralph Alger Bagnold
1972
Hans Ramberg
1973
Alfred Sherwood Romer
1974
Francis John Pettijohn
1975
Hollis Dow Hedberg
1976
Kingsley Charles Dunham
1977
Reinout William van Bemmelen
1978
John Tuzo Wilson
1979
Hatton Schuyler Yoder
1980
Augusto Gansser
1981
Robert Minard Garrels
1982
Peter John Wyllie
1983
Dan Peter McKenzie
1984
Kenneth Jinghwa Hsu
1985
Gerald Joseph Wasserburg
1986
John Graham Ramsay
1987
Claude-Jean Allegre
1988
Alfred Ringwood
1989
Drummond Hoyle Matthews
1990
Wallace S. Broecker
1991
Xavier Le Pichon
1992
Martin Harold Phillips Bott
1993
Samuel Epstein
1994
William Jason Morgan
1995
George Patrick Leonard Walker
1996
Nicholas John Shackleton
1997
Douglas James Shearman
1998
Karl Karekin Turekian
1999
John Frederick Dewey
2000
William Sefton Fyfe
Recipients of the Penrose Medal
The Penrose Medal is the Geological Society of America’s highest honor.
Mining geologist and millionaire entrepreneur Richard A. F. Penrose, Jr.,
(1863–1931) established the medal in 1927 to recognize eminent geological
research and award geologists for outstanding original contributions
or achievements that mark a major advance in the science. Nominees,
represented by the Society’s Council, may or may not be members of the
Society, and may be from any nation. A list of recipients of the medal
and other society awards is available online.
URL: http://www.geosociety.org/aboutus/awards/aboutAwards.htm.
Accessed February 28, 2007.
1927
Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin
1928
Jakob Johannes Sederholm
1929
No award given
1930
Francois Alfred Antoine Lacroix
1931
William Morris Davis
1932
Edward Oscar Ulrich
1933
Waldemar Lindgren
1934
Charles Schuchert
1935
Reginald Aldworth Daly
1936
Arthur Philemon Coleman
1937
No award given
1938
Andrew Cowper Lawson
1939
William Berryman Scott
1940
Nelson Horatio Darton
1941
Norman Levi Bowen
1942
Charles Kenneth Leith
1943
No award given
1944
Bailey Willis
1945
Felix Andries Vening-Meinesz
1946
T. Wayland Vaughan
1947
Arthur Louis Day
1948
Hans Cloos
1949
Wendell P. Woodring
1950
Morley Evans Wilson
1951
Pentti Eskola
1952
George Gaylord Simpson
1953
Esper S. Larsen, Jr.
1954
Arthur Francis Buddington
1955
Maurice Gignoux
1956
Arthur Holmes
1957
Bruno Sander
1958
James Gilluly
1959
Adolph Knopf
1960
Walter Herman Bucher
1961
Philip Henry Kuenen
1962
Alfred Sherwood Romer
1963
William Walden Rubey
1964
Donnel Foster Hewett
1965
Philip Burke King
1966
Harry H. Hess
1967
Herbert Harold Read
1968
J. Tuzo Wilson
1969
Francis Birch
1970
Ralph Alger Bagnold
1971
Marshall Kay
1972
Wilmot H. Bradley
1973
M. King Hubbert
1974
William Maurice Ewing
1975
Francis J. Pettijohn
1976
Preston Cloud
1977
Robert P. Sharp
1978
Robert M. Garrels
1979
J. Harlen Bretz
1980
Hollis D. Hedberg
1981
John Rodgers
1982
Aaron C. Waters
1983
G. Arthur Cooper
1984
Donald E. White
1985
Rudolf Trumpy
1986
Laurence L. Sloss
1987
Marland P. Billings
1988
Robert S. Dietz
1989
Warren Bell Hamilton
1990
Norman D. Newell
1991
William R. Dickinson
1992
John Frederick Dewey
1993
Alfred G. Fischer
1994
Luna B. Leopold
1995
John C. Crowell
1996
John R. L. Allen
1997
John D. Bredehoeft
1998
Jack E. Oliver
1999
M. Gordon Wolman
2000
Robert L. Folk
Recipients of the Vetlesen Prize
In 1959 the Georg Unger Vetlesen Foundation established an award for
scientific achievement that resulted in a clearer understanding of the
Earth, its history, or its relations to the universe. About every two years
Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory administers
the $100,000 prize and its accompanying medal, which is inscribed
with the words “for achievement in the sciences of the Earth and the
universe.” Additional information regarding Georg Unger Vetlesen and
the prize recipients is available online.
URL: http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/vetlesen/index.html.
Accessed February 28, 2007.
1960
W. Maurice Ewing, Geophysics, Seismology, Study of the Ocean Bottom
1962
Sir Harold Jeffreys, Mathematical Methods Applied to the Study of
the Interior of the Earth, Great Britain; Felix Andries Vening Meinesz,
Gravity and the Interior of the Earth
1964
Pentti Eelis Eskola, Chemistry of Rocks, Finland; Arthur Holmes,
Geology
1966
Jan Hendrik Oort, Astrophysics
1968
Francis Birch, Physical Properties of Rocks; Sir Edward Bullard, Interior
of the Earth, Magnetism
1970
Allan V. Cox, Paleomagnetism; Richard R. Doell, Paleomagnetism;
S. Keith Runcorn, Paleomagnetism
1973
William A. Fowler, Astrophysics
1974
Chaim Leib Pekeris, Mathematical Methods Applied to Earth’s Interior
1978
J. Tuzo Wilson, Geology
1981
Marion King Hubbert, Geophysics and Geology
1987
Wallace S. Broecker, Geochemistry; Harmon Craig, Geochemistry and
Oceanography
1993
Walter Munk, Geophysics
1996
Robert E. Dickinson, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Modeling, Climate-
Biosphere Interactions; John Imbrie, Sedimentary Records, Orbital
Variations, Climate Change
2000
W. Jason Morgan, Seafloor Spreading, Plate Tectonics and Mantle
Convection; Walter C. Pitman III, Plate Tectonic Theory, Theoretical
Geomorphology and Tectonics; Lynn R. Sykes, Earthquake Forecasting
and Prediction, Seismological Verification of Underground Nuclear
Test-ban Treaties